10 Stories of Heroic Cats Who Served in the Military

Animals in war

Elephants, pigeons, dolphins—animals have been used during wartime for years. And you’ve probably heard of dogs on the battlefield, but often-overlooked cats have also provided companionship to troops. Sure, you can train a cat to do many life-changing things, but who knew that having felines on the front lines was one of them? Scroll on to learn more about the most heroic cats in military history.

Ancient cats of war

Cats were worshipped in ancient Egypt—scientists have uncovered more than 300,000 cat mummies, and killing a cat in ancient Egypt could be punishable by death. In fact, ancient Egyptians’ love of cats was so well-known that Persians actually turned it against them. In one of the earliest instances of felines being used in war, Persian king Cambyses II masterfully used Bastet, Egypt’s cat goddess, to conquer his enemy. In 525 B.C.’s Battle of Pelusium, the image of Bastet was painted on the Persians’ shields and cats were let loose on the battlefield. Because Egyptians lawfully could not hurt or kill cats, they simply surrendered.

Cats of WWI

Fast-forward to more modern times and cats were primarily used for comfort, catching mice, and as morale-boosters during World War I. According to Doran Cart, senior curator at the National WWI Museum and Memorial in Kansas City, Kansas, one British medical officer, Lieutenant Philip Grose, wrote in 1915 that his “pet cat was very intelligent and affectionate. She was the most confidential cat I ever knew and was forever whispering something in my ear which I could never quite catch. While I was writing she would come and sit very close beside me and read what I wrote and purr loudly.” Pictured here, is the crew of the USS Florida posing with a cat circa 1917-1918.

Comfort and health

From stress relief to a healthier heart, owning a cat may actually have health benefits. Maybe that’s why American soldiers on leave from the front in France in 1918 (pictured here) turned to writing letters, reading the newspaper, and, yes, playing with kittens to unwind.

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Mascots

Cats often served as mascots through times of war. “The most famous mascots were a pair of lion cubs for the Lafayette Escadrille, a French flying unit made up principally of American volunteers,” says Cart. “They were called Whiskey and Soda and were given to the Paris Zoo after the war.” Here, German soldiers are pictured in the trenches with a cat mascot.

Insignia

When thinking about military mascots and insignia, eagles and mules probably come to mind. But “cats were also used extensively as symbols in unit insignia, especially among airplane units,” says Cart. “The US 81^st Division had an arch-backed cat as their shoulder sleeve insignia on their uniforms.” In this photo we see a soldier sitting in the cockpit of an airplane that may be parked inside a hangar. Painted on the side of the plane is a cat with the words underneath: Who Said Rats.

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Spies

Animals were commonly used in World War I, so much so that British intelligence officers didn’t think twice about accusing two cats and a dog of being German spies at the time. (Spoiler alert: these animals were not spies, but the CIA has trained cats for covert operations before.)

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Cats of WWII

By World War II, the United States had enlisted thousands of animals. “The U.S. military officially used dogs, pigeons, mules, and horses during the war,” says Toni M. Kiser, assistant director for collections management at the National WWII Museum in New Orleans. “Cats were definitely one of the more common animals (along with dogs) used as mascots and adopted as pets, but they often played a useful role as well. Cats were often kept to keep down rodent populations and even some insect populations on posts, around mess or dining halls, and often aboard ships.” And not only did these cats serve as companions, but they even helped to warn of bombs about to drop. Here, we see Kodiak Cat, the mascot for the 73rd Bomb Wing.

Cat bombs

Sure, cats were used during times of war to warn of oncoming bombs, but can you believe that cats were actually tested as bombs in World War II? You read that correctly: cat bombs. The crazy idea didn’t make it past the testing stage, though. In addition to the horrific idea of sacrificing cats as weapons (which, by the way, wasn’t even the military’s first attempt to weaponize an animal), the tester cats passed out too quickly for the bombs to be successful. Phew.

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Famous felines

There are companion war cats, and then there are famous war cats. Between Tiddles, the black cat who travelled more than 48,000 kilometres with the Royal Navy in the 1940s, and Simon, the black-and-white cat who was honoured with a Dickin Medal, the highest British award an animal can receive in war, your house cat’s got a lot to live up to. Pictured here is Lieutenant S.W. Torney, U.S. Air Service with a cat.

Modern days

According to the U.S. Department of Defense, a cat joined a U.S. Army unit in Iraq as recently as 2004. Named Private First Class Hammer by the soldiers, the striped kitten served as a distraction and companion to the troops and even kept mice away from food and living quarters. The young cat was so special to the unit that they fought to give him a home in America. Thanks to Alley Cat Allies, an animal rights nonprofit, the cat made its way to a home in Colorado.

Next, discover how one Canadian pacifist became a hero in the Korean War.